Lipid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.

Fiche publication

Date publication

mai 2017

Journal

Current Alzheimer research

Auteurs

Membres identifiés du Cancéropôle Est :
Dr LIZARD Gérard

Tous les auteurs :
Zarrouk A, Debbabi M, Bezine M, Karym EM, Badreddine A, Rouaud O, Moreau T, Cherkaoui-Malki M, El Ayeb M, Nasser B, Hammami M, Lizard G

Lien Pubmed

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28474568

Résumé

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia. It is characterized by three successive stages (preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia), which are determined with a panel of complementary tests including behavioral and biochemical tests and imaging methods. Currently accepted biomarkers of AD include levels of brain chemicals related to amyloid or tau, and imaging-derived estimates of the size and metabolic activity of specific brain regions. At the moment, the pathogenesis of AD is still poorly understood but some studies support a link between lipid metabolism disorders and AD. Consequently, there has been a stronger focus on lipidomic studies to identify lipid biomarkers of AD. The strongest genetic risk factor for AD is the ε4 variant of apolipoprotein E. Abnormal levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol resulting from alterations in brain cholesterol metabolism are also observed in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of AD patients. Some fatty acids alterations concerning monounsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3), very long chain fatty acids and plasmalogens support the hypothesis of peroxisomal dysfunctions and/or of abnormal desaturase and elongase activities. It is also suggested that levels of some plasma phospholipids may be biomarkers of AD and that reductions in these levels may enable the accurate prediction that a cognitively normal individual will go on to develop MCI or AD. Several of these lipid biomarkers, especially those identified in the plasma, could constitute convenient and potent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of AD in routine clinical practice, and contribute to the development of new and effective treatments.