Testosterone and estrogen in multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutics.

Fiche publication

Date publication

juin 2018

Journal

Expert review of neurotherapeutics

Auteurs

Membres identifiés du Cancéropôle Est :
Pr DE SEZE Jérôme

Tous les auteurs :
Collongues N, Patte-Mensah C, De Seze J, Mensah-Nyagan AG, Derfuss T

Lien Pubmed

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29799288

Résumé

Neuroprotection and remyelination are two unmet needs in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Therapeutic potential has been identified with sexual hormones, supported in women by a decrease in MS activity during the pregnancy, in men by a greater severity of symptoms and a faster progression than in women. Areas covered: The therapeutic effect of testosterone and estrogens is reviewed. Both hormones have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect. Testosterone has an effect in protecting neurons in culture against glutamate-induced toxicity and oxidative stress, and stimulates myelin formation and regeneration mediated through the neural androgen receptor. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model, estrogens significantly decrease inflammation in the central nervous system via ERα, while its action on ERβ leads to myelin and axon reparation. Estriol therapy in two phase 2 trials showed a decrease in clinical disease activity and inflammatory parameters in MRI. However, evidence of a therapeutic effect of testosterone is scarce. Expert commentary: Phase 3 trials with estriol as an add-on supplementation are now mandatory. Testosterone is another candidate to be tested in phase 2 trials. These hormones should be considered as an adjunctive therapy. New validated tools are needed to assess their effect on neuroprotection and remyelination.