The soluble form of CD160 acts as a tumor mediator of immune escape in melanoma.

Fiche publication

Date publication

avril 2022

Journal

Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII

Auteurs

Membres identifiés du Cancéropôle Est :
Dr GARBAR Christian , Pr BENSUSSAN Armand

Tous les auteurs :
Gauci ML, Giustiniani J, Lepelletier C, Garbar C, Thonnart N, Dumaz N, Foussat A, Lebbé C, Bensussan A, Marie-Cardine A

Lien Pubmed

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35428910

Résumé

Melanoma is responsible for 90% of skin cancer-related deaths. Major therapeutic advances have led to a considerable improvement in the prognosis of patients, with the development of targeted therapies (BRAF or MEK inhibitors) and immunotherapy (anti-CTLA-4 or -PD-1 antibodies). However, the tumor constitutes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that prevents the therapeutic efficacy and/or promotes the development of secondary resistances. CD160 is an activating NK-cell receptor initially described as delineating the NK and CD8 T-cell cytotoxic populations. Three forms of CD160 have been described: (1) the GPI isoform, constitutively expressed and involved in the initiation of NK-cells' cytotoxic activity, (2) the transmembrane isoform, neo-synthesized upon cell activation, allowing the amplification of NK cells' cytotoxic functions and (3) the soluble form, generated after cleavage of the GPI isoform, which presents an immuno-suppressive activity. By performing immunohistochemistry analyses, we observed a strong expression of CD160 at the primary cutaneous tumor site of melanoma patients. We further demonstrated that melanoma cells express CD160-GPI isoform and constitutively release the soluble form (sCD160) into the tumor environment. sCD160 was shown to inhibit the cytotoxic activity of NK-cells towards their target cells. In addition, it was found in the serum of melanoma patients and associated with increased tumor dissemination. Altogether these results support a role for sCD160 in the mechanisms leading to the inhibition of anti-tumor response and immune surveillance in melanoma.