Concise review of lipidomics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Fiche publication
Date publication
février 2023
Journal
Diabetes & metabolism
Auteurs
Membres identifiés du Cancéropôle Est :
Pr PETIT Jean-Michel, Pr VERGES Bruno
Tous les auteurs :
Béland-Bonenfant S, Rouland A, Petit JM, Vergès B
Lien Pubmed
Résumé
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses simple liver steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and liver fibrosis that can progress to cirrhosis. NAFLD has become the principal cause of chronic liver disease in many parts of the world. Lipidomic studies, by allowing to determine concentrations of lipid classes and fatty acid composition of different lipid species, have been of great interest to help understand NAFLD pathophysiology and potentially identify novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Indeed, lipidomic data give information on qualitative lipid abnormalities associated with NAFLD. The aim of our article was to create a comprehensive and more synthetic review of main results from lipidomic studies in NAFLD. Literature was searched for all human lipidomic studies evaluating plasma samples of individuals with NAFLD. Results were regrouped by the degree of liver damage, either simple steatosis, NASH or liver fibrosis, and presented by lipid categories. Overall, we summarized the main lipidomic abnormalities associated with NAFLD as follows: modification of free fatty acid distribution, increase in ceramides, reduced phosphatidylcholine / phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, and increase in eicosanoids. These lipid abnormalities are likely to promote NASH and liver fibrosis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Although these lipidomic abnormalities are consistently reported in many studies, further research is needed to clarify whether they may be predictive for liver steatosis, NASH or liver fibrosis.
Mots clés
Lipidomic, Lipotoxicity, Liver fibrosis, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Référence
Diabetes Metab. 2023 02 11;:101432